Wararka

Looxa dahaarka leh ee midabka leh waa qalab dhisme oo cagaaran iyo deegaan ahaan u wanaagsan.Sida saxda ah ee loo doorto, loogu isticmaalo si macquul ah, oo loo wanaajiyo nolosheeda adeeg waa arrinta ugu walaacsan milkiilayaasha iyo dhisayaasha injineernimada.Baosteel, oo ah geeddi-socod buuxa oo warshad bir ah, ayaa khibrad qani ah u leh wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka taarikada midabka leh.Qaybta "Xulashada Qalabka Sayniska" waxay siisaa talo kooban iyo hordhac isticmaalayaasha xulashada iyo isticmaalka taarikada midabka leh.
Xulashada saxda ah ee muraayadaha midabada leh waa inay tixgeliyaan deegaanka dabiiciga ah, deegaanka isticmaalka, nolosha naqshadeynta, iyo sifooyinka qaabdhismeedka dhismaha, si loo doorto nooca birta, qeexida, dahaarka, iyo dahaarka u dhigma.Naqshadeeyayaasha, milkiilayaasha injineerada, iyo soosaarayaashu waxay tixgeliyaan waxqabadka badbaadada (caabbinta saamaynta, iska caabinta seismic, caabbinta dabka, iska caabinta cadaadiska dabaysha, caabbinta barafka), waxqabadka deegaanka (biyaha, dahaarka dhawaaqa, dahaarka), cimri dhererka (caabbinta wasakhowga, cimri dhererka, sii-haynta muuqaalka) , iyo dhaqaalaha (qiimaha jaban, habayn sahlan, dayactir fudud, iyo si sahlan u beddelka) dhismayaasha.Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha taarikada birta ah ee midabka leh, guryahan waa in loo beddelaa sifooyin saxan bir ah oo dahaarka leh oo loo dammaanad qaadayo.Shuruudaha waxqabadka ee taarikada birta ee midabka leh inta badan waxaa ka mid ah sifooyinka farsamada ee walxaha (xoogga jilicsan, xoogga dhalidda, dhererka), waxqabadka daahan (nooca dahaarka, dhumucda daahan, iyo adhesion daahan), iyo waxqabadka daahan (nooc dahaarka, midabka, dhalaalaya). , adkeysiga, habsocodka, iwm.).Waxaa ka mid ah, caabbinta dabaysha, iska caabinta saameynta, caabbinta barafka, iska caabinta dhulgariir, iwm. Dhammaan waxay la xiriiraan sifooyinka farsamada ee qalabka, iyo dabcan, waxay sidoo kale la xiriiraan qaab-dhismeedka mawjada, dhumucda, taako, iyo kala fogaanshaha taarikada birta midabka leh. .Haddii taarikada birta ah ee dahaarka leh ee ku habboon la doorto oo lagu daro naqshadaynta saxan birta ah ee ku habboon, ma buuxin karto oo keliya qodobka badbaadada ee dhismayaasha laakiin sidoo kale waxay yaraynaysaa kharashka injineernimada.Adkeysiga, waxqabadka habaynta, iyo haysashada muuqaalka alaabta waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa adkeysiga dahaarka iyo dahaarka.

Dahaarka kala duwan

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, noocyada dahaarka loo isticmaalo taarikada birta midabka leh waxaa ka mid ah daahan polyester (PE), daahan fluorocarbon (PVDF), daahan Silicon modified (SMP), daahan sare iska caabinta cimilada (HDP), daahan acrylic acid, daahan polyurethane (PU). , dahaarka sol caag ah (PVC), iwm.

Polyester-ka caadiga ah (PE, Polyester)
Dahaarka PE wuxuu leeyahay ku dhejinta wanaagsan ee alaabta, iyo taarikada birta ah ee midabka leh ayaa si sahlan loo farsameeyaa oo loo sameeyaa, kharash-ool ah, oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo alaab ah.Waxaa jira xulashooyin kala duwan oo midab iyo dhalaal ah.Marka la eego soo-gaadhista tooska ah ee jawiga guud, nolosheeda ka-hortagga daxalka waxay gaari kartaa ilaa 7-8 sano.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, deegaanka warshadaha ama meelaha sida aadka ah u wasakhaysan, nolosheeda adeeg ayaa yarayn doonta.Si kastaba ha noqotee, dahaarka polyester-ka kuma habboona iska caabbinta UV iyo iska caabinta budada filimka.Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka dahaarka PE ayaa weli u baahan in la xaddido, waxaana guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa meelaha wasakhowga hawodu ka yar tahay ama alaabooyinka u baahan qaabayn iyo farsamayn badan.

Polyester Silikoon wax laga beddelay (SMP)
Sababtoo ah joogitaanka kooxaha falcelinta - OH/- COOH ee polyester-ka, way fududahay in lala falgalo polymers iyo walxaha kale.Si loo hagaajiyo caabbinta iftiinka qoraxda iyo jeexjeexa PE, resin silicone oo leh midab aad u fiican iyo caabbinta kulaylka ayaa loo isticmaalaa falcelinta denaturation.Saamiga denaturation ee PE wuxuu noqon karaa inta u dhaxaysa 5% iyo 50%.SMP waxay siisaa adkeysi wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay taarikada birta, oo leh nolosha iska caabbinta daxalka ilaa 10-12 sano.Dabcan, qiimaheedu sidoo kale wuu ka sarreeyaa kan PE, Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah adhesion-ka aan ku qanacsanayn iyo qaabka farsamaynta ee resin Silicone ee alaabta, taarikada birta ee midabka SMP kuma habboona xaaladaha u baahan hababka wax-soo-saarka ee badan, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa saqafyada dhismaha iyo gidaarada dibadda.

Polyester-ka cimilada u adkaysta oo sarreeya (HDP, polyester adkeysi sare leh)
Marka la eego cilladaha PE iyo SMP, shirkadda Ingiriiska ee HYDRA (hadda ay heshay BASF) iyo shirkadda Iswidishka ee BECKER waxay horumarisay daaha HDP polyester horraantii 2000 kaas oo gaari kara 60-80% caabbinta cimilada ee daaha PVDF, waxayna ka sarreeyaan silikoon caadiga ah daaha polyester-ka la beddelay. .Cadaadiskooda cimilada dibadda waxay gaartaa 15 sano.Xayawaanka polyester-ka u adkaysta cimilada sare waxa lagu farsameeyay monomers ka kooban qaab dhismeedka cyclohexane si loo gaadho dheelitirka u dhexeeya dabacsanaanta, iska caabinta cimilada, iyo qiimaha.Polyols iyo asiidhyada bilaashka ah ee udgoonka ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo yareeyo nuugista iftiinka UV ee xabagta, gaarista iska caabinta cimilada sare ee daahan.Ku darida nuugayaasha ultraviolet iyo amines-ka-hortagga steric (HALS) ee caanaha dahaarka waxay hagaajiyaan caabbinta cimilada ee filimka rinjiga.Daahan polyester-ka gariiradda u adkeysata ee cimilada sare waxaa aqoonsaday suuqa dibadda, waxtarkeeduna waa mid aad u wanaagsan.
PVC Plastisol
Xabagta PVC waxay leedahay caabbinta biyaha wanaagsan iyo caabbinta kiimikada, waxaana guud ahaan lagu dahaadhay maaddo adag oo adag, oo leh dhumuc dahaar ah oo ah 100-300 μ Inta u dhaxaysa m, waxay ku siin kartaa daahan PVC siman ama daaweynta iftiinka iftiinka sida dahaarka;Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in dahaarka PVC uu yahay resin thermoplastic leh dhumucdiisuna tahay filim sare, waxay ku siin kartaa difaac wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay taarikada birta.Laakiin PVC waxay leedahay caabbinta kulaylka daciifka ah.Waagii hore, si weyn ayaa looga isticmaali jiray Yurub, laakiin iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay dabeecadda deegaanka oo aad u liidata, hadda aad ayaa loo isticmaalayaa.

PVDF fluorocarbon
Sababo la xiriira tamarta isku xirnaanta xooggan ee udhaxeysa curaarta kiimikada ee PVDF, dahaarku wuxuu leeyahay iska caabin daxaleed aad u wanaagsan iyo sii hayn midab.Waa badeecada ugu horumarsan ee warshadaha dhismaha ee daahan saxan bir midabka dahaarka leh, oo leh miisaan kelli ah oo weyn iyo qaab-dhismeedka bond toos ah.Sidaa darteed, marka lagu daro caabbinta kiimikada, sifooyinka farsamada, caabbinta UV, iyo caabbinta kulaylka ayaa sidoo kale muhiim ah

Xulashada asaasiga ah, waxaa jira laba arrimood oo ugu muhiimsan.Mid ka mid ah waa in la tixgeliyo adhesion u dhexeeya primer iyo topcoat, iyo sidoo kale substrate-ka.Midda kale waa in asaasiga ahi uu bixiyaa inta badan iska caabinta daxalka ee daahan.Marka laga eego dhinacan, resin epoxy waa doorashada ugu fiican.Haddii la tixgeliyo dabacsanaanta iyo caabbinta UV, poliurethane primer sidoo kale waa la dooran karaa.
Dahaarka dambe, doorashada ugu saxsan waa in la doorto qaab dhismeed laba lakab ah, kuwaas oo ah hal lakab oo hore oo gadaal ah iyo hal lakab oo dusha sare ah, haddii saxanka birta ah ee midabka midabka leh uu ku jiro hal guddi.Furaha iyo horeba waa isku nooc, jaakada sarena waa inay noqotaa midab khafiif ah (sida cad) polyester.Haddii saxanadda birta dahaarka leh ee midabkeedu ay ku jirto xaalad isku dhafan ama sandwich, waa ku filan inaad marso lakabka resin epoxy oo leh ku dheggan aad u fiican iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ee dhabarka.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira taargooyin bir ah oo midab leh oo midab leh, sida daahan midab-bakteeriyo ah, daahan midabka anti-static, daahan midabka kuleylka kuleylka, midabka is-nadiifinta, iwm. Horumarinta alaabtan ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu daboolo baahiyaha gaarka ah isticmaalayaasha, laakiin mararka qaarkood suurtagal ma aha in la isku dheellitiro waxqabadka kale ee alaabta dahaarka leh.Sidaa darteed, marka isticmaalayaashu doortaan taarikada birta ah ee dahaarka leh midabka shaqaynaysa, waa inay caddeeyaan baahidooda dhabta ah.